The fundamental explanation of heat
It is evident that an acquaintance with natural laws means no less than an acquaintance with the mind of god there in expressed.-James Prescott Joule
Form his stand the objects on earth is made of ground (i.e. things from earth like sand, soil, metal, wood etc.), So clearly ground is a something we can touch, fell and see. In a similar fashion water is also a thing that can be felt, touched and seen. Air is quite different it is actually linked with heat so, examination of air will be done later.
Thus, we see that heat is a energy. It is one of the fundamental forms of energy. Therefore in the following section let us examine the very fundamental origin and aspect of heat.
What is inside a mater?
Any thing that occupy a space is a matter. So basically all solids,liquids and gases are types of matter. A matter is consisted of atoms in a very fundamental view point, then different types of atom or same type of atoms form the group of atoms called molecules and at last a very large chunk of molecules form a matter. ( these atoms and molecules stay together by chemical boding). These pre concepts is enough for us to understand the following concept of heat.
For our reference let it be atoms or molecules we will represent them as colored dots and their bonds will be represented as lines (Lattice representation)
Credits: Christopher J. Wells Website:www.technologyuk.net The animation above was created using VESTA (Visualization for Electronic and STructural Analysis), a software package developed by Koichi Momma and Fujio Izumi that is distributed free of charge for academic, scientific, educational, and non-commercial use. | |
Physical view of bonds
NOTE: This is not a accurate view of chemical boding but it is a model that can best explain the concept that we need to understand.
As we know force is a puss or pull, from the experiments conducted by the forefathers of the field different force act at different positions. It means that force depend on distance from a point.
Now let us take a solid. We know we two that bodies can't occupy the same the space if we make them to do so a reclusive force will come into play ( It is like, you like a rock song but your brother like a jass song, then both will fight. The fight is repulsive force). A solid matter visible to eyes will contain a large number of such bodies called molecules. So when these particles are brought together. So when we bring these particles together they exert a force n each other, and these forces are repulsive in nature. Now when we try to tare a solid body, like separate a body or cut a body, another type of force comes into play which is attractive in nature thus attractive force.
So a solid body in its natural state, resist both compression and dilatation ( state of stretching out form normal dimensions).
This concept of changing in force because of distance was first noted by Roger Joseph Boscovich in 1763.
Solid body and heat
So, somewhere between these changing force there must be position of stable equilibrium in which two particles can rest in proximity without either attracting or repelling one another. If we imagine a large number of particles placed in such position, and rest in their positions of equilibrium, we have the kinetic theory origination of a mass of matter in the solid state a solid body.
When the particles of a solid body oscillate about their various positions of equilibrium, we say that the body possesses heat. The energy of these oscillatory motions is the heat-energy of the body. As the oscillations become more strong, we say that the temperature of the body increases.
Simple way of producing heat
Rubbing two objects is the simplest way of creating heat.We place the surfaces of the two bodies so close to one another that the particles near the surface of one exert noticeable forces on the particles near the surface of the other; we then move the surfaces over one another, so that the forces just mentioned puss or push the surface particles from their positions of equilibrium. At first, the only particles to be disturbed will be those which are in the immediate neighborhood of the parts actually rubbed, but gradually the motion of these parts will induce motion in the adjoining regions, until the motion spreads over the whole mass. This motion represents heat which is first generated by friction, and then spread by conduction through the whole mass.
Conclusion
In simple words heat is produced because of the osculations within a state of matter. I.e. the kinetic energy given mechanically and the potential energy stored in the bonds or linkage between the molecules of a matter is converted to heat energy or simply heat.
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